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AWS EC2 Introduction

Introduction to AWS EC2

AWS EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) is a cloud-based virtual server service that allows users to run applications on scalable computing resources. It eliminates the need for physical hardware and provides flexible, on-demand virtual machines (VMs) with various configurations.

How AWS EC2 Works?

1. Launching an EC2 Instance

  • You start by selecting an Amazon Machine Image (AMI), which includes an operating system (Linux/Windows) and pre-installed software.
  • Choose an Instance Type (CPU, RAM, storage) based on workload requirements.
  • Define security settings using Security Groups (firewall rules).
  • Attach Elastic Block Store (EBS) for persistent storage.

2. Connecting to EC2

  • Use SSH (Linux) or RDP (Windows) to remotely access the instance.
  • Manage instances through AWS Console, CLI, or SDKs.

3. Scaling & Load Balancing

  • Auto Scaling Groups (ASG):Automatically increases or decreases the number of instances based on traffic.
  • Elastic Load Balancer (ELB):Distributes incoming traffic across multiple instances for better performance and availability.

4. Networking

  • EC2 instances are deployed in Amazon VPC (Virtual Private Cloud) for network isolation.
  • Public instances get an Elastic IP for static access.
  • Private instances communicate internally using VPC Peering or AWS PrivateLink.

5. Security & IAM

  • Key Pairs: Secure login credentials (public/private key).
  • IAM Roles: Manage access permissions for applications running on EC2.
  • Security Groups & NACLs: Control inbound and outbound traffic.

6. Billing & Pricing

  • On-Demand: Pay per hour or second, best for short-term workloads.
  • Reserved Instances: Commitment-based discount for predictable workloads.
  • Spot Instances: Auction-based pricing for cost savings on flexible workloads.
  • Savings Plans: Commitment-based flexible pricing model.

Key Features of EC2

  • Elasticity: Scale up/down as needed.
  • Customization: Choose OS, CPU, RAM, and storage.
  • High Availability: Deploy across multiple Availability Zones (Azs).
  • Security: IAM, encryption, and networking rules.
  • Integration: Works with AWS services like S3, RDS, Lambda, etc.

AWS EC2 is the backbone of cloud computing, enabling businesses to run scalable applications without worrying about infrastructure management.

EC2 Instance Types

AWS EC2 offers various instance types, each optimized for specific workloads. These instances are categorized based on CPU, memory, storage, and networking capabilities.

1. General Purpose Instances

Best for balanced workloads needing a mix of CPU, memory, and networking.

  • Examples: t3, t4g, m6i, m7g
  • Use Cases: Web servers, small databases, application development

2. Compute-Optimized Instances

Best for compute-heavy applications requiring high processing power.

  • Examples: c6i, c7g, c5
  • Use Cases: High-performance computing (HPC), gaming, ad serving, machine learning inference

3. Memory-Optimized Instances

Best for applications that require large amounts of RAM.

  • Examples: r6i, r7g, x2idn, u7i
  • Use Cases: In-memory databases (Redis, Memcached), SAP HANA, real-time big data analytics

4. Storage-Optimized Instances

Best for workloads requiring high IOPS (Input/Output Operations Per Second).

  • Examples: i3, i4i, d2, h1
  • Use Cases: NoSQL databases, big data processing, high-speed storage applications

5. GPU-Optimized Instances

Best for GPU-intensive workloads like deep learning and 3D rendering.

  • Examples: g5, p4, inf2, trn1
  • Use Cases: AI/ML training, graphics rendering, video transcoding

6. High-Performance Computing (HPC) Instances

Best for ultra-fast networking and extreme performance workloads.

  • Examples: hpc7g, hpc6id
  • Use Cases: Weather simulations, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), financial modeling
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